Educational Psychology – Developing Learners

Final Examination

Authors:

Publisher:

Educational Psychology – Developing Learners

7th Edition, 2011

ISBN-10: 0137001142

Jeanne Ellis Ormrod

Pearson Prentice Hall

04/12

PSY 430

Educational Psychology

Final Examination

2

PSY 430 Educational Psychology

Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)

1. Which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding psychological theories?

a. Any single theory can be used to explain virtually every aspect of human behavior.

b. Theories are continually modified as new data emerges.

c. Theories have been proven to be true.

d. Theories will eventually be replaced by physiological (brain-based) explanations of

behavior.

2. Judging from the textbook’s discussion of assessment, we can best think of classroom

assessment practices as mechanisms and procedures that:

a. are most likely to be accurate when they take the form of paper-pencil tests.

b. give us hard, indisputable facts that we can use to assign grades.

c. enable us to form tentative hypotheses about what students know and can do.

d. allow us to draw conclusions about how students’ motives and personality traits affect

their classroom performance.

3. Which one of the following alternatives best illustrates action research?

a. A high school principal conducts a survey to find out what kinds of after-school

activities students would most like to have available at their school.

b. A middle school math teacher gives his students quizzes every Friday because he

knows that frequent quizzes will encourage students to study regularly.

c. After a first-grade teacher completes a research project for her master’s thesis, she

presents her findings at a national teaching conference.

d. A university professor and two of her graduate students conduct systematic

observations of kindergartners’ turn-taking behaviors on the playground.

4. Which one of the following is the best example of a teacher’s pedagogical content knowledge?

a. understanding why water expands when it freezes

b. knowing what researchers have discovered about the effectiveness of discovery-learning

approaches to instruction

c. knowing several effective ways to teach students about negative numbers

d. making a reasonable guess as to why a particular student misbehaves just before lunch

time every day

5. The textbook offers several suggestions for studying a textbook effectively. Which one of the

following is not necessarily recommended?

a. Relate new ideas to things you already know.

b. Draw inferences from the things you read.

c. Take detailed notes on the book’s content.

d. Occasionally stop and check to make sure you understand.

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Final Examination

PSY 430 Educational Psychology

6. Which strategy is most likely to be effective in promoting students’ vocabulary development?

a. allowing students to make up their own meanings for words to encourage invention and

creativity

b. allowing students to use words incorrectly in the early elementary grades in order to

enhance their self-confidence about public speaking

c. teaching students the meanings of words related to topics they are studying

d. encouraging literal interpretations of such common sayings as “Look before you leap”

7. Most children in the early elementary grades think that being a “good listener” means:

a. being able to tell somebody else what the speaker has said.

b. asking the speaker a lot of questions.

c. sitting quietly and looking at the speaker.

d. remembering what the speaker says.

8. LaWanda understands that a single sentence can sometimes be interpreted in two or more

ways. For example, she realizes that the sentence “I know more beautiful women than Miss

America” has two possible interpretations: “I know women who are more beautiful than Miss

America is” or “I know more beautiful women than Miss America knows.” LaWanda’s

appreciation for the double meanings of some sentences reflects:

a. metalinguistic awareness.

b. a sensitive period in language development.

c. pragmatics.

d. figurative language.

9. Research regarding learning a second language yields which one of the following conclusions?

a. The ability to learn a second language is greatest before age 4.

b. The ability to learn a second language increases with age until adolescence, when it

starts to decline.

c. At this point, it appears that there is no single “best” time to learn a second language.

d. The ability to learn a second language increases with age until adulthood, when it

starts to decline.

10. In North America, which approach appears to be most effective for teaching English speakers

a second language?

a. Immerse them in the second language, having them hear and speak it exclusively in all

classroom activities.

b. Let them talk with native speakers of the language who should alternate between using

English and the other language.

c. Wait until they reach Piaget’s formal operations stage so that they can better grasp the

subtleties of the new language.

d. Teach it to them before kindergarten if possible because they quickly lose their ability

to learn a second language fluently after that.

Final Examination

4

PSY 430 Educational Psychology

11. Three of the following strategies should be effective in working with English language

learners. Which one is unlikely to be effective?

a. Teach reading skills almost exclusively by using books written in English rather than in

students’ native language.

b. When teaching academic subject matter, make a very gradual transition from students’

native language to English—perhaps a transition that takes 5 to 7 years to complete.

c. Especially in the early years of English instruction, speak more slowly and clearly than

you might otherwise.

d. When students work in small, cooperative groups, encourage them to use their native

language if doing so helps them communicate with one another more effectively.

12. Which one of the following statements characterizes both Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s theories

of cognitive development, as well as psychologists’ beliefs about the nature of language

development?

a. Children are actively involved in their own learning.

b. Development involves both assimilation and accommodation.

c. Children and adults think in basically the same ways.

d. Development involves a series of stages.

13. Three of the following statements are accurate about how motivation and moral behavior may

be interrelated. Which statement is not accurate?

a. Students are more likely to behave morally if doing so doesn’t cause them much

inconvenience.

b. Students are more likely to behave morally if they know they will gain others’ approval

by doing so.

c. Children become less generous with age, apparently because they gain greater

appreciation for the value of money.

d. Some adolescents incorporate a commitment to helping others into their sense of self.

14. Carol Gilligan’s theory of moral development differs from Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory in that

it:

 

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